Efek Program Pemberian "Taburia" Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Balita Pada Keluarga Miskin Di Jakarta Utara

Effect of "Taburia" Intervention Program on Hemoglobin Concentration Among Children Under-Five Years of Poor Families In North Jakarta.Background: Anemia is one of the main nutritional problems in Indonesia. Anemia in children under fives years will have an impact on growth and mental development. In an effort to improve the nutritional status of infants, especially in poor families, the Japan Funds for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) in collaboration with the Center for Nutrition and Food, Ministry of Health, Bogor, making multi-vitamin ingredients and micro nutrients called as TABURIA.Objectives: To study the influence of hemoglobin levels on child under fives years of poor families.Methods: Design of the study was Evaluation Before and After Treatment (Pre-Post Evaluation). This research was conducted in 9 urban villages in 3 Public health centers in North Jakarta City. The numbers of samples were 540 children aged 6-59 months from poor families. Tabuaria was distributed by a cadre posyandu to all children under fives years (5000 children) in the research area. The data analyzed included: hemoglobin levels, economic social family, compliance and child morbidity. Data were analyzed by descriptive to determine changes in status of anemia and haemoglobin levels before and after intervention.Results: Most of children under fives years (87.8%) to receive and consume Taburia. The average Hb levels increased from 10.5 mg/dl in baseline data to 12.0 mg/dl at endline evaluation. The proportion of anemia (Hb <11 mg/dl) decreased significantly from 62.3% (baseline) to 24.7%(endline-evaluation).Conclusion: Taburia be accepted by the majority of children under fives and can increase hemoglobin levels of children under fives.Recommendation: Taburia can increase the hemoglobin levels of children under fives years, but if would be implemented as national program, it should be study in others regions (pilot areas) to explore the appropriateness Taburia distribution model in different conditions

Kontribusi Golongan Bahan Makanan Terhadap Konsumsi Energi Dan Protein Rumahtangga Diindonesia

Background: Some of the nutrition problems in Indonesia often as consequence of daily food consumption has not balanced, there is contribution more from cerealia than animal especially in poor families. Objectives: The aimed of this analysis is to studies the contribution of food group to household energy and protein consumption in Indonesia. Methods: Food consumption data of 173471 households sample of Health Research Data Base 2007 were calculated by Nutrisoft program developed by Research and Development Centre of Food and Nutrition. Food-stuff is categories to 8 group of food-stuff that is: Grains, Corms, Animal, Oil/Fat, Beans, Sugar, Fruit/fatty seeds and fruits and vegetables. Each group of food-stuff is calculated for the contribution to household consumption of energy and protein. Data were analyzed by descriptively. Results: At national level, the grains contributed of highest energy (67.2%) from household energy consumption, except in Papua, where contribution of grain equal to contribution of corms that is each 40%. The grains also gives highest contribution that is 44.7% from household protein consumption. In urban, the contribution of grain is 63.2% from household energy consumption while in rural is 68.6 %. In Urban, contribution of grain is 40% of household protein consumption, while in rural is 46.0%. Conclusions: The grains has the highest contribution for household energy and protein consumption. The protein from animal is only 38.7% and beans is 4.25%

Faktor Risiko Kegemukan Pada Anak Sekolah Usia 6-18 Tahun Di DKI Jakarta

Background: The result of nutritional status surveys on school age children in 10 big cities in Indonesia in 2005 showed that the prevalence of obesity in school age children in DKI Jakarta was the highest with percentage of 6 % compared to other big cities that only under 3%. Further analysis was conducted to examine the risk factor related to obesity in school age children in DKI Jakarta. Objectives: Data analysis was done to study the risk factor related to obesity in school age children in Jakarta.Material and Methods: Experimental design was cross sectional. Samples were primary school, junior high school and senior high school students age 6 – 18 years old in five regions of DKI Jakarta. The number of total samples was 7195 students. Data collected were anthropometry, social-economy, food consumption pattern, physical activities, and life style. Nutrition Status was determined by calculating Body Mass Index (BMI) using CDC 2000 reference. Results: The prevalence of overweight student in DKI Jakarta was 6%. The prevalence of malnutrition and severe malnutrition students were 11,2% and 1,2% respectively. The group of student ≤9 years old had the highest prevalence of obesity and severe malnutrition. The prevalence was more in male students than female. The education level of parents, often consumes an oily snacks, like to buy a deep fry snacks, oily snacks, often consume supplement, and rarely do household work have strong relation with obesity (p<0,05). Conclusion: Male students age ≤9 year old have higher risk of obesity and malnutrition than female students. The education level of parents, often consumes an oily snacks, like to buy a deep fry snacks, oily snacks, often consume supplement, and rarely do physical work are risk factors of obesity in school age children. [Penel Gizi Makan 2007, 30(1): 31-39

Domination polynomial of clique cover product of graphs

We study the D-equivalence classes of some families of graphs and, in particular, describe completely the D-equivalence classes of friendship graphs constructed by coalescing n copies of a cycle graph of length 3 with a common vertex

Pola Pemberian Makan Anak (6-18 Bulan) Dan Hubungannya Dengan Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Anak Pada Keluarga Miskin Dan Tidak Miskin

PATTERNS OF CHILD FEEDING (6-18 MONTHS OLD) FROM POOR AND WELL OFF FAMILIES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.Background: A research was conducted on children of 6-18 month old from poor and well off family at Ciomas Sud-district, Boger Regency, West Java.Objective: This research aimed at observing the influence of feeding pattern of child under 2 years in its relation to child growth and development of the two family groups.Method: Sampling was conducted purposively amounted to 55 children from the poor families and 36 children from well of families, so the total is 91 children. Data was analyzed statistically by using SPSS program, with chisquare and T statistical test to find out the relationship among variabels.Results: From the result of this research it was found out that there are 44 children from the poor families who were only feed with carbohydrate, and the other 11 had a complete feeding pattern (carbohydrate + protein). Meanwhile, of the 36 children of well off families, 30 (83%) have the complete feeding pattern and 6 (17%) have the carbohydrate only feeding pattern. From the result of growth measuring calculated based on nutrient status (weight/age) there were 15 of 55 children from the poor families who were undernourished, those who had thecarbohydrate only feeding pattem,i.e. 10 children (66.7%). Whereas of the 36 children from well families, therewere 34 with good nutrient status, and 2 undernourished children. Statistical test shows that there is a significant difference of feeding pattern and growth between the two family groups (p<0.05). Observing the rough motoric development, there were 28 children with slowness at the beginning of the research, i.e. 25 children from the poor families and 3 from the well off families. However, six month after the activity was carried out, there was a change on 3 children from the well of families to be normal, while from the poor families only 3 children that changed to normal.Conclusions: Statistical test shows that there is a significant difference between the motoric development and feeding pattern on the two family groups both at the beginning and the end of the research

Effect of impedance variation around the fundamentals on PA distortions characteristics under wideband multi-tone stimulus

Characterisation of modern wireless power transistors and amplifies requires wideband-modulated stimuli for realistic performance evaluation. Normally power transistor performance is evaluated using passive load-pull techniques. However, these have some physical realization constraints that influence the amplitude and the phase of the presented impedance at the DUT plane as across the modulated bandwidth. The problem becomes more apparent as modulation bandwidth is increased beyond few MHz. It has been shown recently that a digitally controlled active envelop load-pull (ELP) system can completely address this problem [1], thus allowing for a more systematic investigation of the parameters that may affect the performance of power transistors under wideband-modulated stimuli. In this paper, non ideal multi-tone impedance conditions are purposely introduced for demonstrating their effects on power amplifier performance in order to illustrate the DUT sensitivity to measurement system imperfections at higher modulation bandwidths in excess of few MHz